THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR

THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR

Introduction

The founding of the Organization of African Unity in May, 1963 ended the rivalry among short-lived African regional organizations best known by the cities in which they were established--Brazzaville, Casablanca, and Monrovia. ! But the Organization was to be menaced by tribal and territorial conflicts--the six wars among the OAU members, including the Algerian-Morroccan War, the Congo Uprising, the Sudanese Civil War, and the Nigerian Civil War, the Angola Crisis and the Somali-Ethiopian War.

Of all these wars, the Nigerian Civil War exposed the weakness of the Organization of African Unity as a peace solving organization and provided insight to the damage done to the Organization by maintaining a conservative attitude in the handling of Afircan problems. It was in this war that the two main principles of the OAU Charter were put to test: I the rivalry among the African countries. which led to the formation of the three regional blocs mentioned above is significant in two ways, First, it portended the luke-warm attitude developed towards Pan Africanism by African leaders in the French Community. Second, it marked the beginning of open controversy on the approat h towards African Unity.

 1. The principle of noninterference in internal affairs (Article 3, Paragraph 2}, constantly referred to by Nigeria, 2, Respect for the inalienable right to independence (Article 3, Paragraph 3), insisted upon by Biafra.” The war between Nigeria and Biafra was from all points of view a catastrophic and protracted struggle. Few people who heard that on July 6, 1967, there had been clashes between Federal and Biafran troops near Ogoja imagined that the conflict would ultimately result in a war of international dimension. The war lasted for thirty hectic months and the exact number of Nigerians on both sides who died in the conflict is unknown. Both side kept accurate records of the military casualties, and there are no reliable records of the civilian victims of the war, who far exceeded the number killed in military operations.

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